ANSWER:
Here is a process you can follow
to research whether you would like to acquire a puppy from a
specific breeder:
At a
minimum, good breeders test for the most common heritable
diseases in their breed. Except for a very tiny handful of
breeds that do not seem to be plagued with Hip Dysplasia, most
breeders test for HD. In the USA, they may use the OFA, PennHip
or a report from a University Veterinary school to provide
evidence of their dogs’ hip results. There are different eye
diseases in different breeds, and some breeds don't have a
serious problem with heritable eye conditions, so no testing is
performed. Other common heritable conditions for which testing
is often performed include elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation
(knee problems), thyroid or cardiac conditions. Some breeds
(Doberman Pinchers, as an example), present with a bleeding
disorder, and quality breeders routinely test for that
condition. At the OFA website, you can see the list of health
screen tests listed on the search page - some apply just to one,
or a few breeds. OFA does not provide tracking / testing
results on all heritable conditions, so consider the OFA website
just a beginning for your research:
www.offa.org
To determine
what may be necessary testing for a specific breed, consider the
following:
1. Do some
research on the breed's general health by visiting the breed’s
AKC parent club website, or another non-biased breed
organization.
2. To find
the AKC parent club go to
www.akc.org , then do a search of the breed, and find the
link to the parent club:
http://www.akc.org/clubs/search/index.cfm?action=national&display=on&breed=117
3. Go to
the AKC parent club or other national breed organization:
http://www.essfta.org/
4. Look for
a link to "Heath & Research" or something similar:
http://www.essfta.org/essfta/health_research.htm
5. Review
the health conditions and current research and testing that is
available for the diseases.
6. At the
parent breed website, look for something like Breeder
Guidelines. Read the Breeder Guidelines to see if there is
mention of heritable disease testing that is recommended for
breeders.
7. Check
out the parent club’s Breeder Referral as a starting point to
search for a quality puppy. Once you look at some of those
breeder’s websites (even if they are in a State so far away that
you know you won't acquire a puppy directly from them), you will
get a sense of the sort of information that some breeders post
on their site regarding their breeding dogs' health screens,
performance titles, etc....
8. Once you
know what health conditions are most important to review when
selecting a breeder, use the OFA website to determine a fairly
accurate snapshot of your breed's general health by going to
www.offa.org and
clicking on "Statistics and Data"
9. At
"Statistics and Data" the diseases that OFA tracks are listed.
Click on Hip Dysplasia.
At the top
of the columns, click on 'Breed' to get an alphabetical listing
of the breeds, so that you can find your breed's rank, and
statistics. Ranked as 1st (meaning the WORST percentage of
dysplastic dogs), is the Bulldog with a 73% HD rate. English
Springer Spaniels are ranked 67th out of 153 breeds, with a
13.5% HD value (the number of x-rays submitted to OFA that are
scored dysplastic). The ranking by breed is a combination of
percent dysplastic versus percent Excellent rated individuals
(8.2% for Springer Spaniels).
As a
comparison, my breed, Border Collies are ranked 87 (slightly
better than the ESS), with 12.3% Excellent rated and 11.1%
dysplastic rated. So, more individuals have Excellent hips but
more records are submitted that get dysplastic ratings, than ESS.
This is OFA’s method of ranking breeds based on their experience
with the disease. Others in the field may do a different
analysis to assess the breed's health for hip conformation.
10. While
at the OFA website, check other potential diseases that may be
of concern in your breed, by going back to "Statistics and Data"
and clicking on, say, Elbow Displasia. ESS have a 13% elbow
dysplastic rate. On the contrary, in Border Collies, elbow
dysplasia is not at all common. Ranked 78 out of 95 breeds,
there's a 98.5% normal and 1.3% dysplastic in BCs. I don't do
elbow x-rays on my dogs. To me, it's not worth the money based
on the risk. Someone else may have a different opinion.
Each breed
has a unique general health status and the potential buyer needs
to assess the risk of purchasing a puppy whose parents have /
have not been tested for certain conditions. Some breeders do
every single test that is available, at great expense, however
they don’t test their breeding stock to determine whether they
can perform the work for which the breed was originally designed
and / or do not work with their dogs in any performance events
(both are a good way to determine temperament in an animal
since working places stress on the dog to perform and work with
a human partner). I would rather put resources into herding
with my dogs to assess their value as breeding stock, rather
than spending money to do tests for diseases that are uncommon
in the breed, and therefore lower risk. That’s my personal
choice and each breeder has an opinion as to what is important
when producing puppies. The buyer’s responsibility is to
determine whether the breeder has similar values regarding
breeding dogs as he does.
11.
Based on the general health information at the ESS National
Breed club's website, review other health conditions that may
not be reported at the OFA website. Some diseases can now be
confirmed using DNA markers. A large DNA testing company is
www.Optigen.com Click on "Tests" to
find a list of conditions versus breed name. Some DNA marker
tests are performed by the University where the test was first
developed. The parent club’s website should have links to main
organizations which perform DNA tests for heritable conditions
found in the breed. Here's a test that is available for ESS:
http://www.optigen.com/opt9_test_pfk.html
at Optigen. It would be worth doing additional research
to determine the prevalence in the breed to assess how important
one finds having the parents of a litter tested for the
condition.
14. Once
your research helps to uncover which are the "reasonable" health
screens that a breeder should perform, you should check out the
breeder's website for proof of the testing. I, personally, post
the health screens on my website, so that it is available for
anyone to view. Here's an example:
http://www.darnfar.com/Dog%20Profiles/darnfar_switch.htm
On my “dog
profile” pages, I provide a direct link to view the dog's OFA
records (which allows them to see if the dog has relatives with
OFA health screens, as well). The OFA suggests that it is a
better breeding practice to “breed dogs whose relatives have
normal hips”. If a breeder “claims” that a dog has OFA hips but
doesn’t provide proof on the website, I would go to OFA and do a
search on the dog’s official name (in some breeds, like Border
Collies, where there are many dual-registered dogs, the dog may
have two "official" names and if you are not aware of both of
them, you may not find the dog listed at OFA, when, it is in
fact listed but under a different designation). If the
information is not at the OFA website, then I would ask to see a
copy of the original form that OFA (or other testing
organization) provides with the hip score, or as the breeder to
direct me to the link at OFA, if the dog's official name is not
listed on her website. For CEA/CH (the heritable eye condition
in my breed), I post the official DNA test report, since Optigen
doesn’t maintain a database like OFA does.
Based on the
information at the OFA website, I would suggest that English
Springer Spaniels are a breed that should be tested for hip
dysplasia - so, I would not permit a breeder to convince me that
she doesn't have a reason to test her dogs. Not having had a
problem in the past does not preclude the fact that with HD,
even OFA cleared parents can produce a puppy that presents with
the disease.
I
didn't know the potential eye diseases in the English Springer
Spaniel breed, but based on the breeder's website link that was
provided, I noted that there was a dog listed with a CERF eye
test result. That information suggested there was a point to
have ESS eyes tested. CERF
http://www.vmdb.org/cerf.html is the
Canine Eye Registry Foundation, and provides a method of
registering the results of eye tests performed by board
certified ophthalmologists as a means of reducing heritable eye
conditions in dogs. Some of the eye conditions are now
verifiable via DNA testing, so a CERF exam is no longer as
important. Knowing the dog’s genotype is more valuable than
knowing its phenotype (which is all that an ophthalmologist is
capable of determining via a physical exam). However, when one
sees a CERF test associated with a breeding dog, it’s obvious
that there is an eye condition that the breeder was assessing.
Since I did
not know what eye conditions exist in ESS, I did a quick search
and found this link:
http://www.sesss.org/#/inherited-eye-diseases/4535543588
Even before
I went to the parent breed club’s website, I was able to
determine something about heritable eye conditions via a simple
search. This is the sort of research that can be very
valuable for a potential puppy buyer and doesn't require must
background information. It just requires typing "English
Springer Spaniel eye disease" into a search engine.
I hope this
information helps you find a wonderful puppy. To tie the
bow on this subject:
1.